But when I started Confd, I got the following error:
Failed to load file ./test.fxs: Missing augment path /get-config in module ietf-netconf, augmented from module test.
Does this mean that it is forbidden to augment built-in YANG modules ?
No, that error doesn’t mean that, but in general it can be problematic to do it. This particular error is due to the fact that since the ietf-netconf module is actually the specification of the NETCONF protocol, which is implemented “directly” in the NETCONF server code, the ietf-netconf module isn’t really loaded as-is.
But if it had worked, that augmentation would definitely have been “problematic” if actually used - what did you expect to achieve with it? The get-config RPC is of course completely implemented in the NETCONF server - how would it know what to do with the additional leaf in the input if it was provided?